Hamlets 7 Soliloquies - 1815 Words

William Shakespeare s, Hamlet, features a round, enigmatic character, Hamlet, whose personality is brought out and understood with the help of seven soliloquies featured throughout the play. He leads a very complicated life as his father, the former King of Denmark, was killed by his uncle, the present King, who is now married to his mother, Gertrude. Audiences often find it difficult to extract pieces of his personality because of how mysterious and difficult to read he is. However, Hamlet s seven soliloquies aid in revealing that he struggles with his indecisiveness, that his experiences have put him in a melancholy, depressed state, and they convince one to believe that he is a philosophical and contemplative thinker. First off, the†¦show more content†¦Hamlet does not know how to show these emotions because he is uncertain whether or not Claudius actually killed his father, even though there is substantial evidence given to him by the ghost. He ponders how and why the ac tors are being melodramatic about a situation; this is because he is unsure about how emotions work and how one can fake them so eloquently. The acting astonishes him as a result of his lack of acting skills. Unfortunately, this flaw of indecisiveness is what leads to the tragic ending of the play. As a matter of fact, the first sense of decisiveness is shown in the sixth soliloquy, when, sadly, it is too late. Hamlet finally decides that he is going to kill Claudius, but he already learned about his plan and strategized a way to kill Hamlet. His decisiveness is clear in this soliloquy as he thinks, To take him in the purging of his soul, when he is fit and seasoned for his passage? No (Act 3 Scene 3 page 4). He finally asked a question and answered it himself. Although, he is once again unsure about when he should kill him because he thinks that if does it while he is praying, he will go to heaven, and that is not the point of his revenge. When he finally decides when to do it, Cla udius was already one step ahead and Hamlet was killed. The audience witnesses his frustration in the seventh soliloquy as he says, How all occasions do inform against me,Show MoreRelatedStruggle and Disillusionment in Hamlet Essays919 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s employment of dramatic struggle and disillusionment through his character Hamlet, contributes to the continued engagement of modern audiences. The employment of the soliloquy demonstrates Shakespeare’s approach to the dramatic treatment of these emotions. The soliloquy brings a compensating intimacy, and becomes the means by which Shakespeare brings the audience not only to a knowledge of secret thoughts of characters, but into the closest emotional touch with them too. Through thisRead MoreInvestigation of Hamlets Tragic Flaw that Led to his Demise Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesInvestigation of Hamlets Tragic Flaw that Led to his Demise William Shakespeares tragedy plays have fascinated people from the time of the renaissance to present modern times. All his tragedy plays are five acts long, and the climax of the play occurs in the third act. In each and every tragedy play there is a tragic hero who bears a tragic flaw. Every tragic hero usually possesses valor characteristics such as bravery, honesty, intelligence, and so on. In the ShakespeareanRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare846 Words   |  4 Pagesuncle who had killed him. While Hamlet contemplates suicide he gives his famous soliloquy â€Å"To be or not to be.† This soliloquy symbolizes that Hamlet is pondering whether this is worth it anymore. If his life is worth it anymore. In this soliloquy, we got a lot of insight on the character of Hamlet and how he feels and life and death. The first line â€Å"To be, or not to be- that is the question:† is his thesis of his soliloquy. To commit suicide or not. The word to ‘be’ represents to exist or not. TheRead MoreThe Human Condition and Ideologies in Hamlet by Willliam Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 Pagesintrospective play, Hamlet, explores the complexity of the human condition by reflecting ideologies such as justice, loyalty and morality. Although these deeply human ideas ensure the plays resonance, they are somewhat secondary to the depths of Hamlet’s human struggle. These thematic concerns reflect how flaws in the values of society descend into corruption. Through an exploration of the characterization, Shakespeare invites a re-evaluation of the values that shape human nature. The textual integrityRead MoreAnalysis Of To Be Or Not To Be795 Words   |  4 PagesBe† speech is a very famous soliloquy in English Literature. This piece refers to the theme of the afterlife, it also provides Hamlet’s continued reflecting contemplation between his ambiguous personalities. Throughout the speech Hamlet contemplated the thought of offing himself right then and there. This is shown by his depressed sequestered tone and his distressed actions with the dagger that successfully programs the audience to truly see what hides under Hamlet’s previous actions in the playRead More Hamlet Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pages(The Hamlet Paradigm, by John S. Mamoun). Hamlet is very far form being mad, he is perfectly capable of recognizing his enemies. Hamlets madness was faked for a purpose. He warned his friends he intended to fake madness, but Gertrude, Claudius, and even the slightly dull-witted Polonius saw through it. His public face is one of insanity but in his private moments of soliloquy, through his confidences to Horatio, and in his careful plans of action, we see that his madness is assumed. After the GhostsRead MoreHamlets Metamorphosis Essay1907 Words   |  8 Pages56)- so starts Hamlets most famous and well-known soliloquy. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, the main character- Hamlet- goes through many transitions. These changes are very apparent through his soliloquies, each of which shows him in a different state of mind. His first soliloquy exists merely to show his profound melancholia and the reasons for his despair (Mabillard Part 1... 3). He refers to himself as ...a rogue and peasant slave (II. ii. 577) by his second soliloquy and wishes he couldRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1640 Words   |  7 Pagesto avenge his father’s death. Although early in the play Hamlet tells his friends, Horatio and Marcellus, that he is going to assume an â€Å"antic disposition,† it is commonly debated as to whether or not Hamlet actually delves into madness (1.5.192). Hamlet’s display of control over both his thoughts and his actions, coupled with the fact that many other characters doubt his madness, makes it evident that Hamlet never does descend into true madness. Many believe that Hamlet first displays his insanityRead MoreHamlet: Analytical Essay About Style834 Words   |  4 Pagesdetectable and obvious, then there are also ones that are more subtle and sophisticated. Soliloquies are often places where emphasis is needed and thus a majority of the time they are full of literary devices. A particular passage in which there are an assortment of different devices that fit together well and reinforce his rage at his mother being with his uncle, starts in Act 3, Scene 4, Line 53 with Hamlet’s soliloquy, stating the difference between his father, Hamlet, and his uncle, Claudius, to GertrudeRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Sanity Vs. Insanity1742 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Earliest Period to the Present Time). Hamlet’s actions are entirely too extreme for him to be faking his insanity. Hamlet is constantly on the brink of insanity, or so it seems like. All this stress is put upon Hamlet and it’s difficult to tell if he’s faking his insanity or not due to multiple portions of the play. He lost control of his actions, which led to many other issues to arise in the play, and others uphold his ability of dramatic art. Hamlet’s behavior, especially toward Ophelia is inconsistent

Analysis of Antigone - 862 Words

Analysis of Antigone Today the United States is controlled by three branches, but the executive branch is the branch that is commonly referred to when mentioning the United States; the President. Who was once just a loyal friend of Oedipus, now the ruler of Thebes, Creon can be considered Thebes’s president. A ruler who believes and insists that his word is final when it deals with anything under his jurisdiction, meets a match in Antigone, the daughter of the former ruler of Thebes before he parted unto the other side. â€Å"When the unstoppable object collides with an unmovable object,† can be used to describe the two opposing views of Antigone and Creon. Every hero or heroine must go through a three part journey: the departure and†¦show more content†¦Antigone taunts death by coming forth to Creon and stating that she is the one who defied his word and buried Polynices despite of Creon’s orders. Willing to be put to death for her actions, Antigone displays her bravery not only by her actions but shows her individualism by denying her sister helped bury the body. Even though it took some time before Antigone actually gained individualism, she gained it. Every heroine must cross the threshold of dependency and arrive on the opposite side, which is individualism. Not meaning she cant accept the help of others, but more along the lines of not having to rely on others for assistance. Antigone has changed dramatically compared from the character she was when she was first introduced. Inheriting the â€Å"hero ness† from her father, she took steps towards individualism and achieved the status of an archetypal heroine. Embarking on a physical and mental journey to and though Thebes, she was forced to answer her call and become a heroine. Completing the second to last step in a heroine’s quest, Antigone enters the final phase of the journey, the return. Being released from her tomb, her quest is complete and the family name is purifiedShow MoreRelatedAntigone Character Analysis1422 Words   |  6 Pages Antigone, the final play in a series including Oedipus Rex by Sophocles, discusses the ideas of leadership, family, and choices. It features two central characters: Antigone, a girl who chooses to illegally bury her brother, and Creon, a king who decrees the burial of the brother to be illegal. Upon the first encounter of the text, it appears that Antigone is the â€Å"hero† of the play, but on further analysis, one realizes that the tragic hero, as defined by Aristotle, is actually Creon. The ideaRead MoreAntigone Analysis780 Words   |  4 Pages In Auburn University’s production of the play Antigone by Jean Anouilh, the cast depicts the story of the young and spirited girl, Antigone, and her journey to death. While the story line of the famous Antigone is an intriguing one, I am here to talk about the concepts and ideas I found behind this particular production. Some of the aspects that made a memorable performance include the settings, design, and dialogue. The first thing I noticed when I entered the theater was the light that shoneRead MoreAntigone Feminist Analysis1622 Words   |  7 PagesAntigone, a Greek tragedy pertaining to the events following the deaths of Eteocles and Polynices, Oedipus’ sons, due to a conflict over power. Upon the death of both children their uncle Creon takes the throne of Thebes for himself and declares Polynices a traitor to the state and withheld his burial rights from him. Antigone choose to disobey Creon’s decree and bury her bother. Sophocles’ play has been a long treasure piece of literature throughout the ages; sparking many papers and debates fromRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Antigone 1117 Words   |  5 Pagesjourney to fill the void inside of him and search for the enlightenment that he craves. Before he experiences his awakening, he faces many obstacles and fights many battles between his internal values and the values of the world. Likewise, the play Antigone is the sto ry of a tragic hero who defies the rules of her society in order to do what she feels is morally just. She is eventually charged with treason and sentenced to death by the society because of her act of heroism. It is made evident, in readingsRead MoreAntigone Character Analysis1468 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play of Antigone, Sophicles creates a plot that I believe playfully would make viewers sympathetic of the protagonist Antigone. At the beginning of the play, viewers obviously were very sympathetic to Antigone. All she wanted to do was bury her dead brother, and Kreon made it illegal to do such a deed. However, as the play went on, I gained more and more insight on Kreon and my opinion changed. Although Antigone sacrificed her life for what she believed was right, I sympathize more with KreonRead MoreAnalysis Of Oedipus The King And Antigone1170 Words   |  5 Pagesworld. In civilizations such as Athens, women were looked down upon and this battle to leave behind tradition proved to be almost if not fatal. Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone exemplify three distinct female Athenian characters who approach this battle with different fronts. Through analysis of Ismene, Antigone and Jocasta’s distinct characters, the reader better understands how Sophocles uses a feminine voice to break away from the tradition discerned in Athenian life to advocate for theRead MoreAnalysis And Comparison Of Ophelia And Antigone1485 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis and Comparison of Ophelia and Antigone Analysis of Antigone Antigone s story begins in the middle of things as the audience is expected to be aware of her background. Antigone firmly believed that she and her sister were the final victims of a curse that was placed upon their family long ago. The rest of her family members had already paid the price of the evil, and it was, therefore, their destiny to die as well. As a result of the curse, Antigone, and her sister Ismene are destined toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Play Antigone 933 Words   |  4 Pagessuperiority? Whatever the reasons were, men had to be seen as the highest being next to whom they worshiped. In the play Antigone by Sophocles, the audience is exposed to the roles of men and women in an ancient Greece society known as Thebes. Although ancient Greece was a male-dominant society where women had as much freedom as a slave, Sophocles’ main character in the play, Antigone, is an example of a brave, strong-minded woman who goes against the limitations that were unfairly set u pon women duringRead MoreAn Analysis Of Medea And Antigone Essay1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Vileness of Revenge Death is a certainty for any living human being unless a person believes in preserving their brain cryogenically, but despite what you believe, death is going to come either tragically, horribly or peacefully. Now, imagine death coming at the hand of the one who held you close when you were born and shed uncontrollable tears, the one who promised never to let you go come what may, the one who swore to give their life for you if need be, or the one who feels every emotionRead MoreAntigone And Ismene Analysis925 Words   |  4 PagesAntigone, a play by Sophocles, contain the events that occur after the death of Oedipus. Oedipus’ death marked the ending of the preceding book, Oedipus at Colonus. Antigone, as reflected in the title, focuses on the life of Antigone, one of Oedipus’ daughters. Within the play, Antigone is faced with a major disagreement with her sister regarding the proper burial of their brother, Polyneices. Antigone and Ismene are characters that hold con trasting ideals and opinions in reference to the law of

How do criminologists define corporate crime Free Essays

Introduction A standard definition of corporate crime would read as follows: ‘Illegal acts or omissions, punishable by the state†¦ which are the result of deliberate decision- making or culpable negligence within a legitimate formal organisation.’ (McLaughlin Muncie 2006: 74). With reference to how corporate crime has been defined by criminology, in this essay I will firstly explore how conventional criminology, (that which predates the 1970’s), ignored or marginalized corporate crime (Crawford 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on How do criminologists define corporate crime? or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will then discuss the significance of the contribution that Critical criminologies, most notably Marxist Criminology, have made to this debate. I will then go on to consider the seriousness of corporate crime, exploring some of the problems with statistics that attempt to measure the ‘crime problem’. This will be followed by a discussion on criminology post 1970, notably administrative criminology and the implications this has had on crime prevention initiatives in the 1980’s with relevance to corporate crime. The problem with early ‘criminological’ theories, notably classicism and positivism, was not the inaccurate definition that they gave of corporate crime in so much as they ignored it. Crime was considered an individualistic matter (see Taylor, Walton Young 1973; Vold et al 2002) with positivists arguing that crime was ‘tangible’ and ‘quantifiable’ (McLaughlin Muncie 2006: 302), two labels that many contemporary authors would be hesitant to assign to corporate crime (See Slapper Tombs 1999 Green 1990). It was Sutherland’s groundbreaking research on white collar crime in the 1940’s that brought corporate crime to the forefront of the criminological agenda (Williams 2008:56) and thus seems to be a sound starting point for discussion. For the sake of argument, we will consider white collar crime a sub category of corporate crime, defined by Sutherland (1940) as a crime committed by a person of high social status and of respectabil ity in the course of his employment. (A standard definition of corporate crime as the one that I have given earlier does not have the pre requisite of social status or respectability). Nevertheless, criticisms of Sutherland’s definiton of white collar crime, most notably by Nelken (see Nelken in Maguire et al 2007: 733-766) would apply to corporate crime, the first of these being that the behaviours that Sutherland regards as crimes are socially contentious e.g. taking long breaks or misusing the telephone at work. Other crimes that are mentioned are wide ranging and have nothing in common e.g. bank embezzlement and fiddling at work (see Nelken in Maguire et al 2007: 738). Nelken quotes Geiss (1968) who states that socially controversial crimes risk blurring the boundaries between what is criminal and what is not criminal (see Nelken in Maguire et al 1997:740). More generally, corporate crime has been said to be difficult to define because it covers a wide range of crimes and is complicated by terminology such as ‘business’ or ‘organisational’ often used in its place (see Slapper and Tombs (1999)). Crawford (1998) argues that definitions of corporate crime cannot be dicussed without recognising that there is a link between corporate crime and organisational crime. In the end, Nelken argues that bearing all this in mind, perhaps we should be asking ourselves whether definitions of white collar crime within criminology should match legal definitions of white collar crime (Nelken in Maguire et al 2007: 742). Perhaps at this stage, before proceeding to look at Marxist criminologies, it is worth mentioning that matching criminological definitions of crime with legal definitions would not resolve the problem of wide ranging crimes as these will only increase with time. The definition of crime changes according to the social and historical context, as social interactionists raised this very point in the 1960’s arguing that cri me is a social construction (Taylor, Walton Young, 1973: ). Here we can see the beginnings of a more critical understanding of crime, moving away from the focus being on the offender to questions being raised, such as ‘who defines what is a crime?’ bringing into discussion the role of power. We will now move on to a short discussion about the contribution of Marxist criminology, as most work on corporate crime has originated from this school of thought (McLaughlin Muncie 2006: 75). This is because Marxist criminology raises the importance of ‘power’ and the state, arguing that those in power shape the laws in order to protect their own interests (Vold el al 2002: 256). According to Vold (2002), this explains why the cost of street crime in America is $18 billion per year and why the cost of corporate crime is $1 trillion per year (2002: 255). Vold argues that twice as many people die because of illegal workplace conditions as they do from criminal homicide. In answer to the main question, we can safely assume that these statistics illustrate that corporate crime is a serious problem. It has been argued by others that failure by criminal justice agencies to control street crime serves the interest of the ruling class by diverting the public’s attent ion away from the people in power (who the public are greater victims of) and keeps the public in constant anxiety about lower class crime (Reiman, 1998 in Vold et al 2002). This may explain as we shall see further on why crime prevention initiatives have ignored corporate crime. Marxist criminology may have been criticised for not offering any realistic solutions to the crime problem (Lea Young 1984), however with the rights given to corporations to have the right of ownership over genetic materials taken from living organisms (Manning, 2000), we can see some of the potential problems to come. Going back to statistics, no discussion on the seriousness of corporate crime can be complete without mentioning the problems with empirical research in its quest to measure how serious corporate crime is. One way of looking at the phenomenon of ‘seriousness’ is to measure levels of corporate crime. This however presents quite a challenge as corporate crime is one such crime where they may be no clear victim. Crawford (1998) offers this as one explanation as to why crime prevention initiatives are difficult to implement in addressing corporate crime (1998:166). Although some crime prevention surveys have included commercial and other white collar crimes (Pearce: 1996), Crawford (1998) argues that surveys are still required to use what he terms ‘popularly meaningful’ definitions of crime, which means that this limits the range of crimes that are included in surveys (1998:166). All of this gives more credibility to the notion that there is a ‘dark figure of crime.’ (see Coleman 1996) especially where for example corporate crime is omitted from victim surveys such as the British Crime Survey (Swale 2007: 123). Despite these problems with crime statis tics, this does not explain why government crime prevention initiatives that are the result of criminological research ignore corporate crime (Box 1983). If positivism and classicism ignored corporate crime the same can be said of administrative criminology which emerged in the late 1980’s and which gave birth to situational crime prevention initiatives in the 1980’s (see Hughes 1996). The ideas of administrative criminology were a rehash of classicist notions of the criminal as being rational and calculating. Situational crime prevention was however concerned with manipulating the physical environment for e.g. through using surveillance techniques like CCTV or improving architectural design. However as many have argued situational crime prevention agendas have ignored crimes committed by the powerful such as governments and crimes against human rights aswell as the police (Cohen 1993; McLaughlin 1996). The reason put forward by Hughes as regards the lack of focus on corporate crimes is because situational crime prevention inititiatives agendas have been set by the demands of the government. This essay has explored how early criminology predating the 1970’s ignored or marginalized corporate crime. The 1960’s saw the beginnings of more critical thinking, notably with the emergence of social interactionism and then in the 1970’s Marxist Criminology which focussed its attention away from the offender and on to the state as the object of study. It was from Marxist Criminology that much research on corporate crime emerged and which had provided some explanation as to why corporate crime is still not considered part of the ‘crime problem’. Marxist criminology is however not without its critics (see Lea Young, 1984). As we have shown, administrative criminology which paved the way for crime prevention initiatives again ignored corporate crime and reverted back to previous classicist ideas, with a focus on crime as being individualistic (see Hughes, 1996). As regards to how serious a problem corporate crime poses we need to be certain about ho w much corporate crime there is. However, due to the problems that I have considered with statistics this is tricky. What we can be certain of is that with developments in science and technology and e.g. the commodification of DNA (Nelken in Maguire et al 2007:765) we can only take it as inevitable that as Social Interactionists have suggested, this will result in the creation of newer crimes (see Taylor, Walton Young 1973), for which reason we should abandon our search in coming to a more comprehensive understanding of corporate crime. Bibliography Carrington Hogg (2002) Critical Criminology: Issues, debates, challenges Devon:Willan Publishing Crawford, A (1998) Crime prevention and Community Safety Essex: Pearson Education Hughes, G (1996) Understanding Crime Prevention Buckingham: OUP Lea Young (1984) What is to be done about Law Order London: Pluto Press Maguire et al (1997) Oxford Handbook of Criminology Oxford: OUP McLaughlin The Sage Dictionary of Criminology Muncie (2006) London: Sage Swale, J (2007) Sociology of Crime and Deviance Oxfordshire: Hodder Education Taylor, Walton Young (1973) The New Criminology London: Routledge Vold et al (2002) Theoretical Criminology Oxford: OUP Williams, K (2007) Textbook on Criminology Oxford: OUP How to cite How do criminologists define corporate crime?, Essay examples

Asian Regional Development for Sedentary- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theAsian Regional Development for Sedentary Lifestyles. Answer: Introduction Health is the most important aspect that leads to the economic and social development of a community. The increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease across the globe has been a consequence of increased life expectancy, changes in diet, sedentary lifestyles and availability of nutrition dense diets. While the focus of the developed countries is on the prevention of non-communicable diseases such as, diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and high lipid levels in blood, several low and middle-income countries are yet to make prevention a priority. Health is a pre-requisite for any country to progress economically. Because lack of optimal health compromises the ability of the workforce to contribute in full capacity to the nations GDP. Besides, the costs incurred by the healthcare system on treatment of the disease, particularly in case of preventable disease, can cause patients and their families to become impoverished due to debts taken from money lenders. This becomes an impediment for social and economic growth. The occurrence of ailments such as HIV/AIDS in women of child bearing age puts the health of the child at risk. It necessitates long term treatment. Though ART increases the life expectancy of patients and many of them are able to return to the workforce, the social stigma attached to the disease may reduce the motivation for many women to continue with the medication. The prolonged distress may cause mental health issues in many women who remain worried about the health of the unborn child. Many people living in low income countries such as Indonesia have to pay out-of-pocket due to poor insurance coverage and their families become debt ridden and remain so for many years. Some may even sell assets to generate money for treatment. Research In order to select articles for this paper, keywords were used to search the NCBI and PubMed database that included, importance of health, outcomes of good maternal health on the economy, impact of HIV/AIDS infection among mothers on the economic status of families, risk factors for cardiovascular disease and its economic and social impact. Papers that addressed the issue of social stigma were also chosen for this study. Relevant papers were chosen upon reading the title and the abstract of the paper. A total of 25 papers were chosen for this study. Some papers pertaining to the above-mentioned topics were selected because the studies were done in Indonesia as this country from the Asia-Pacific region has been chosen as a case study for the current study. Importance of Health Health may often mean the absence of a disease but the World Health Organisation defines health as 'a state of physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity (WHO.int, 2017). It is important for people to maintain good health because they can participate in the tasks that make their life more fulfilling and their contribution to the economic betterment of the society provides more meaning to their life. A healthy body enables a person to carry out all the functions and duties at home, in the place of work and as a citizen of a country. Diseases may be infectious or non-communicable. While infectious diseases are caused due to transmission of pathogens from one individual to another, non-communicable diseases are usually an outcome of poor lifestyle(Farhud, 2015). HIV/AIDS is an infectious disease that can be transmitted due use of contaminated needles, sexual contact or can be passed from a mother to child at the time of birth and globally ab out 1.5 million people die a premature death due to the disease. Exacerbations among AIDS patients of other infectious diseases such as tuberculosis are also high (Harries, 2015). Good health is an outcome of good education, gainful employment and the ability to seek medical advice when disease occurs. A good socioeconomic status improves the chances of good health while people from poor socioeconomic backgrounds suffer and are not able to access treatment in the event of an illness. Tobacco use, poor nutrition and a physically inactive lifestyle compound the chances of poor health (Pampel Krueger, 2010). Variables of lifestyle that can impact health include intake of diet that supports a healthy body mass index (BMI), exercise and quality of sleep. Factors that impact health negatively include substance abuse and improper use of medication(Farhud, 2015). HIV/AIDS and cardiovascular disease may be the outcome of risky health behaviours. Maternal mortality in general has been high in Indonesia. The rate of maternal mortality was studied in the eastern Indonesian province of Nusa Tengarra Timur (NTT). The MMR for the province is more than the national average at 271deaths per 100,000 live births. Several factors cause the high MMR in Indonesia. Access to good healthcare is limited, there is a shortage of trained healthcare staff. There is low awareness about maternal health and people are culturally constrained on several aspects of safe motherhood. Nutritional status of women is low, use of contraception is unmet. All maternal deaths are not recorded due to a frail system. Due to poverty and lack of education many births take place at home, antenatal care is difficult to access due to remote or rural location (Belton, Myers, Ngana, 2014). According to a study in an Indonesian hospital on the incidence of HIV/AIDS, it was found that more women are now getting infected and that many of them are pregnant at the time of their diagnosis. Unprotected sex was found to be the main mode of infection (Rahmalia, et al., 2015). Impact of maternal health on household economics Health matters concerning women are important for protection and for the sustainable development of a society. Investment in the area of women's health pays dividends not only in the arena of protection of women's rights but also in economic growth. Economic and societal growth depends to a large extent on the health status of women. Poor maternal health causes a reduction in the availability of resources in households. The concomitant increase in the spending on provision of healthcare is met through loans from family members or money lenders(Powell-Jackson Hoque, 2012). Most households where illness strikes make out-of-pocket expenditure for treatment and source the additional spending on healthcare from their income, borrowings, savings, selling asset or livestock (Alam Mahal, 2014). The overall impact on household economics is detrimental occurs and it takes several years for families to be free of debt. Social impact on women suffering from HIV/AIDS In cases where the illness among pregnant mothers is HIV/AIDS, the childbearing women face a host of social challenges along with the economic burden. Even in cases where the pregnancy is normal, the women have to cope with stress and uncertainties because they are suffering from a life-threatening disease. Depression, feeling rejected and insomnia are other mental health issues that women with recently diagnosed HIV/AIDS may experience(Orza, et al., 2015). The society they live is more likely to discriminate against them and stigmatising behaviours may have to be dealt with. Technology and medication like the antiretroviral therapy help women to deal with the medical aspects of the disease but the stress associated with social stigma deals a blow to their mental health, as they may suffer from stress during the gestation period. The preparedness and education required among communities to integrate these women into society is severely lacking. Instead of helping them align with the society and deal with the distress of suffering from HIV/AIDS during the pregnancy, the negative attitudes of the community make the situation more difficult for the child bearing mothers (Kontomanolis, et al., 2017). Social disadvantage of women living with HIV/AIDS affects their mental health and compromises their human rights, ability to seek treatment and the ability to adhere to medication, so policy makers must make interventions directed at resolving their plight(Orza, et al., 2015). Stigmatised women may often have different vulnerability and sensitivity to the discrimination faced by them, even though the treatment may be carried out in confidentially. The impact of stigma may be so great that women may choose to reject treatment even at a risk to the foetus (Kontomanolis, et al., 2017). The treatment given to the child bearing women afflicted with HIV should be without discrimination on grounds of nationality, race, religion, or condition(Shapiro, et al., 2016). The impact of stigma and discrimination can be rather severe. In a study where women reported being morally judged and did not receive respect during treatment tried to avoid taking treatment for prevention of parent-to-child transmission of HIV (Rahangdale, et al., 2010). Social support for patients should therefore cover the physical and mental dimensions that are affected due to long term chronic diseases such as HIV/AIDS. While there is considerable progress in the treatment and medical advancements in the treatment of AIDS/HIV, there is hardly any effort or research done towards minimising stigma and measurement of the impact of the discrimination faced by patients. Studies at the macroeconomic level show that expenditure on maternal and child health improve productivity and thus lead to substantial social and economic benefits. Investment in health helps in a societys development and of course has its intrinsic benefits(Onarheim, 2016). Better maternal health improves the childs health and this improves the economic condition of the family and the community that they live in. In case of women afflicted with HIV, the treatment through antiretroviral therapy, the health benefits have been enormous and so have improved the economic well-being of their families (Bor, et al., 2013). A study in Africa found that ART could increase the life expectancy by about 11.3 years and so the social value of ART treatment has increased and this may have implications for funding agencies and policy makers. The increase in life expectancy and treatment enables the affected to work and remain employed, thus the economy receives a boost. Investments in maternal heal th therefore translate into economic benefits, particularly for the low and middle- income countries (Halim, et al., 2015). Economic impact of cardiovascular disease Globally, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease has exceeded that of infectious diseases such as, HIV. What was once known as a disease of the affluent, now afflicts more people in the low and middle-income countries of the world. By 2020, cardiovascular disease will be the reason for most deaths. As countries shift from agrarian economies to industrialized economies, several social and economic changes have occurred. Longevity has increased, better public health facilities have developed and so has the propensity to suffer from chronic non- communicable diseases (Gaziano, et al., 2010). But the co-morbidities of cardiovascular disease, such as, stroke and cardiac attacks are often debilitating, require long term treatment and can cause loss of work force. The economic burden occurs due to costs incurred by the health care system, since patients suffering from cardiovascular disease may often require hospitalisation. Procedures related to the treatment such as, catheterization, use of stents and other medication costs add up to enormous amounts. Upon discharge, there are the expenses incurred at the outpatient department, secondary prevention and costs incurred at the pharmacy. Treatment may involve visits to the nursing home, rehabilitation of the patient, costs of nursing at home and several other expenses. In most cases patients receive treatment in the hope that they will be able to return to work and lead active lives after the treatment. The microeconomic impact on the household is substantial. The family may have to spend all their savings towards treatment and they may have to sell property to be able to raise enough funds for the treatment. In many countries insurance coverage for health expenses is almost negligible (Schieber , et al., 2007). The loss due to reduced or no productivity at work due to the inability of the patient to work impacts from the macroeconomic point of view. At times, even caregivers may have to give up work or remain absent from work on a prolonged so as to be able to care for a family member. Cardiovascular disease is a consequence of several risk factors associated with modern lifestyle. Cigarette smoking, excess weight, hypertension, diabetes, elevated total cholesterol and dyslipidemia are risk factors that increase the likelihood of a person suffering from cardiovascular disease. The economic development of Indonesia has brought on health challenges that are an outcome of modern lifestyle in all low and middle- income countries. Cardiovascular disease occurrence has emerged as a major public health challenge because, a third of all deaths in Indonesia are now due to cardiovascular disease (Hussain, et al., 2016). The relative affluence is usually cited as the reason for changes in diet and nutritional habits that has increased the risk of vascular diseases and stroke in Indonesia. The economic impact of cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases in Indonesia is high and is expected to rise further, as in all low and middle income countries. The economic burden of cardiovascular disease is also likely to increase as the expenditure on medical facilities is set to increase. The lost hours of work due to the disease will also affect household incomes and the economic hardship for the affected families shall increase. Since the coverage of health insurance is low, most families depend on out-of-pocket expenditure for treatment. The country struggles to meet the healthcare needs due to rising incidence of non-communicable disease on one hand and reducing infant and maternal deaths on the other (Schrders, et al., 2017). In Indonesia, a study found that 73% of men above the age of 45 years were smokers. The incidence of arrhythmia, cardiovascular disease and heart failure was fond to be high among the people from this age group(Sumartono, et al., 2011). Impact of cardiovascular disease on social progress Lower age of onset of cardiovascular disease has been observed among populations in South east Asia, including Indonesia. The average age of patients who have suffered from myocardial infarction is 52 years whereas, it is 60-65 years in Western countries. This leads to a fall in the workforce capacity and the potential of economic growth is affected. The fall in economic productivity is considerable. In a study on the impact of cardiovascular disease on the microeconomics of the family in four countries-Argentina, India, China and Tanzania, the effect of hospitalization on the family financial health was studied. The study evaluated the source of the funding for meeting hospital expenses, how impoverished the family became as a result of the illness, alterations in the functional capacity and productivity due to the illness and the quantum of the expenditure were assessed. Substantial financial stress was experienced by the families because the expenses were made out-of-pocket and me dical insurance coverage was non-existent (Huffman, et al., 2011). Rural status and low education increased financial distress among the patients families. The countries in South east Asia have yet to work on aspects that reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by cardiovascular disease. Preventive steps to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease are required. Patients who receive social and emotional support are more likely to recover from their illness quickly(Reblin Uchino, 2008). Socioeconomic groups with better education, access to healthcare in urban hospitals and those with insurance cover are able to finance their healthcare expenditure without undergoing financial distress. The impact of the caregiving responsibilities on the family is substantial. Family members may get overwhelmed due to the demands of care in taking care of a family member. Care taking can cause exhaustion, depression and affect the physical and mental health of the family member. The demands of a cardiovascular patients healthcare regimen are often complex, they need assistance with a low sodium diet, fluid management, constant assessment of symptoms such as, shortness of breath and interrupted sleep is required. This reduces the quality of life of the family member providing care. Repeated hospitalisation increases anxiety and depression of the caregiver. Several times, the caregiver may be a spouse with advanced age and health problems of their own(Dunbar, et al., 2008). While managing the patients chronic disease condition, the family have to adapt to a changed routine and altered behaviour that helps the patient to manage the disease better. Supportive family environment improves patient outcomes but critical family members can reduce adherence to diet and medication and affect the patient negatively (Rosland, et al., 2012). In Indonesia, the increasing disease burden due to non-communicable diseases and cardiovascular disease in particular, has occurred due to increased life expectancy, increased consumption of fat, sedentary lifestyles and high incidence of tobacco smoking. Traditional healthcare in Indonesia has been geared to attend to infectious diseases in a disease-focussed manner. The prevention of cardiovascular disease requires complex multisectoral health program that is sustained over a long period. But deficiencies in political involvement in public health, lack of dedicated health institutions that can work towards the prevention of cardiovascular disease, lack of recognition of non-communicable diseases as a serious health concern are factors that demand attention (Schrders, et al., 2017). Prevention of cardiovascular disease requires that it become part of the social fabric. Conclusion The importance of preserving and maintaining good health has been the emphasis of many public health programs. When citizens are healthy they can contribute to the economic and social growth of a country. Infectious diseases such as, HIV/AIDS affect the economic growth of a country due to the high cost of long term treatment on one hand and loss of workforce hours on the other. Maternal HIV/AIDS takes a toll on the microeconomics of the family and reduces the earnings of the family. The social impact of the disease causes considerable distress to child-bearing women because they have to confront people who judge them on moral grounds. There is little motivation for the woman then to undergo the long treatment. The distress that is experienced by the women affects development on the economic and social fronts. Family earnings drop and the families often become debt ridden. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease has increased due to changes in lifestyle and increase in the incidence of hypertension, diabetes due to improved diet, sedentary lifestyles and ignorance about methods for prevention. In countries like Indonesia the public health initiatives in prevention of cardiovascular disease are often lacking. Families have to make provision for the treatment if illness occurs in the family. Very few people have health insurance, so borrowing money from other family members and money-lenders is the only option. The disease leaves a person weak and they cannot return to the workforce in full capacity. This pushes the family further into the throes of poverty. Family members providing care to the patient experience stress as they have to make lifestyle adaptations to suit the needs of the patient. The impact of disease on the lives of people are detrimental and it takes them several years to cope with the demands of treatment and the consequent economic challenges. References Alam, K., Mahal, A. (2014). Economic impacts of health shocks on households in low and middle income countries: a review of the literature. Global Health, 10(21), doi: 10.1186/1744-8603-10-21. Belton, S., Myers, B., Ngana, F. R. (2014). Maternal deaths in eastern Indonesia: 20 years and still walking: an ethnographic study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(39):https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-39. Bor, J., Herbst, A., Newell, M., Brnighausen, T. (2013). Increases in adult life expectancy in rural South Africa: valuing the scale-up of HIV treatment. Science, 339(6122), 961-5. Dunbar, S. B., Clark, P. C., Quinn, C., Gary, R. A., Kaslow, N. J. (2008). Family Influences on Heart Failure Self-care and Outcomes. The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 23(3), 258-265. Farhud, D. D. (2015). Impact of Lifestyle on Health. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 44(11), 14421444. Gaziano, T. A., Bitton, A., Anand, S., Abrahams-Gessel, S., Murphy, A. (2010). Growing Epidemic of Coronary Heart Disease in Low- and Middle-Income Countries. . Current Problems in Cardiology, 35(2), 72-115. Halim, N., Spielman, K., Larson, B. (2015). The economic consequences of selected maternal and early childhood nutrition interventions in low- and middle-income countries: a review of the literature, 20002013. BMC Womens Health, 15(33). Harries, A. D. (2015). Communicable and non-communicable diseases: connections, synergies and benefits of integrating care. Public Health Action, 5(3), 156-157. Huffman, M., Rao, K., Pichon-Riviere, A., Zhao, D., Harikrishnan, S., Ramaiya, K., . . . [ ... ], P. D. (2011). A Cross-Sectional Study of the Microeconomic Impact of Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalization in Four Low- and Middle-Income Countries. PLoS ONE, 6(6), e20821. Hussain, M. A., Al Mamun, A., Peters, S. A., Woodward, M., Huxley, R. R. (2016). The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Attributable to Major Modifiable Risk Factors in Indonesia. Journal of Epidemiology, 26(10), 515-521. Kontomanolis, E., Michalopoulos, S., Gkasdaris, G., Fasoulakis, Z. (2017). The social stigma of HIV-AIDS: society's role. HIV AIDS (Auckl). , 9, 111-118. Onarheim, K. H. (2016). Economic Benefits of Investing in Womens Health: A Systematic Review. . PLoS One, 11(3), e0150120. Orza, L., Bewley, S., Logie, C. H., Crone, E. T., Moroz, S., Strachan, S., Welbourn, A. (2015). How does living with HIV impact on womens mental health? Voices from a global survey. Journal of the International AIDS Society, 18(6(5)), 20289. Pampel, F. C., Krueger, P. M. (2010). Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Behaviors. Annual Review of Sociology,, 36, 349-370. Powell-Jackson, T., Hoque, M. (2012). Economic consequences of maternal illness in rural Bangladesh. Health Economics, 21(7), 796-810. Rahangdale, L., Banandur, P., Sreenivas, A., Turan, J., Washington, R., Cohen, C. (2010). Stigma as experienced by women accessing prevention of parent-to-child transmission of HIV services in Karnataka, India. AIDS Care, 22(7), 836-42. Rahmalia, A., WisaksaMeijerink, H., Indrati, A., Alisjahbana, B., Roeleveld, N., van der Ven, A., . . . van Crevel, R. (2015). Women with HIV in Indonesia: are they bridging a concentrated epidemic to the wider community? BMC Research Notes, 8:757. Reblin, M., Uchino, B. N. (2008). Social and Emotional Support and its Implication for Health. . Current Opinion in Psychiatry, , 21(2), 201-205. Rosland, A.-M., Heisler, M., Piette, J. D. (2012). The Impact of Family Behaviors and Communication Patterns on Chronic Illness Outcomes: A Systematic Review. . Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 35(2), 221-239. Schieber, G., Gottret, P., Fleisher, L., Leive, A. (2007). Financing global health: mission unaccomplished. Health affairs, 26(4), 921-34. Schrders, J., Wall, S., Hakimi, M., Dewi, F. S., Weinehall, L., Nichter, M., Ng, N. (2017). How is Indonesia coping with its epidemic of chronic noncommunicable diseases? A systematic review with meta-analysis. PLoS ONE, 12(6), e0179186. Shapiro, R., Dryden-Peterson, S., Powis, K., Zash, R., Lockman, S. (2016). Hidden in plain sight: HIV, antiretrovirals, and stillbirths. The lancet, 387(10032), 1994-5. Sumartono, W., Sirait, A. M., Holy, M., Thabrany, H. (2011). Smoking and Socio-Demographic Determinant of Cardiovascular Diseases among Males 45+ Years in Indonesia. . International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8(2), 528-539. WHO.int. (2017). en/. Retrieved October 2, 2017, from https://www.who.int/about/mission/en/

How they make it accessible Essay Example Essay Example

How they make it accessible Essay Example Paper How they make it accessible Essay Introduction Shakespeare is a difficult text for most 16 year olds to understand. His use of Shakespearian phrasing and poetic iambic pentameter makes the text difficult. We have been studying Franco Zefferelli’s Romeo and Juliet and Baz Luhrman’s Romeo and Juliet. Film directors like Baz Luhrman and Franco Zefferelli have borne this in mine when making films of the play and have adopted different strategies to make the play more accessible for teenagers.Franco Zefferelli’s film was made in 1968 in a traditional medieval setting in which Shakespeare set the play. Zefferelli’s career as an opera director is put to spectacular use in the movie by his use of medieval clothing and props and music, which creates a very visual image of the Shakespearian times.To attract younger audiences he uses very young actors in Romeo and Juliet to play lead role. The older actors were established Shakespearean actors who had long experience in playing Shakespearian roles.Zefferelli focu ses on the main action in the play cutting the secondary stories the more reflective scenes. However Zefferelli expands Act 3 scene 1 by extending the fighting much more than it is in the play.Baz Luhrman’s version of Romeo and Juliet was set in a modern American society with modern clothing and buildings. We see traffic, police helicopters flying, tall skyscrapers, road and gang casualties and scenes of overall chaos. This world that the viewers are shown is overwhelmed with violence which emphasizes the initial fight scene in Act 1 Scene1, which is much like the beginning scene of the Zefferelli’s Romeo and Juliet. However Baz Luhrman exploits and emphasises the violence in his movie and creates a gun instead of a sword culture, so it is more appealing. This shows Baz Luhrman made a much greater effort to make the play accessible and appeal to a much younger and wider audience.In his movie you can differentiate which characters belong to which family. Baz Luhrman doe s this by dressing the two families in different styles of clothes. The Montague’s with light hair and brightly coloured surfing clothes. The Capulet’s with dark hair and dark leather clothes. Both the families are like gangs with their own identity and they are resembled like the Mafia gang culture.Luhrman also substitutes the sword for the gun in his version of Romeo and Juliet. To make it appeal to a wider audience and therefore makes it much more accessible for teenagers because the use of guns is linked more with the youth culture today.In Luhrman’s film the images and references are much more recognisable to a younger audience. There are references to soap opera, gangster films and westerns all of which are used to help young people understand Shakespeare’s words. The film adopts a much more frenetic style of filming which adds to the tension and creates edgier aspects to the film. It also prevents young people getting lost in the film and becoming bored.I will be focusing on Act 3 Scene 1. This scene is pivotal to the rest of the play, as without it there would be romance rather than tragedy.In Act 3 Scene 1 Baz Luhrman makes the weather an effective device in symbolising and reflecting the mood in the scene. The day starts off scorching hot but there is still an element of tension. This gives the audience a sense of fear and anticipation that something will happen. As the Capulet’s stride towards the Montague’s the weather begins to change the sky clouds over and the whole place seems to darken the whole setting-a technique to signify something dire will occur.Zefferelli also places heavy emphasis on the weather. The lighting is very bright so it emphasises the heat of the day, directing Mercutio to mop his face with a handkerchief. The humidity of the scene is pivotal because it causes Mercutio to climb into a fountain to cool off, thereby providing an opportunity for Tybalt to splash him, and start the fight that results in both their deathsBoth directors use a very hot setting. Zefferelli plays Act 1 Scene 3 market square. This was effective because it was set where the play is. This helped the film fit the script and was appropriate. He also uses deserted surrounding, which represents the heat of the day, and dusty streets like old westerns. This all adds effect of the time that it is taking place. When the fight between Mercutio and Tybalt starts, the fight has a very jocular approach to it with laughing and boys having fun. This also helps the viewer understand the death was an accident and was a mistake.However Luhrman sets his scene on the shores of Verona Beach which moves on to an old theatre which is broken in half, this reminds the viewers of the original play which was set on the stage. Also, by putting the stage in the scene where the fight is happening, Luhrman might be trying to illustrate that the whole of these two families lives is on a stage, where audiences watch what is going to and about to happen in the play. Luhrman’s change of setting helps create a more enticing fight and keeps the viewers interested.Sound effects are always vital in films like this to enhance the dramatic effect and build the tension. Luhrman uses thunder to create tension. The sound is used to create the unsettling atmospheric mood of danger and loss throughout the whole scene.The first piece of music you really notice is when the Capulet’s Approach the Montague’s on the beach it is best described as â€Å"gangster music† its quite quiet but noticeable and makes you feel that on of the gangs will lash out at any moment. There is then a change in music when Romeo enters the scene there is a sudden change in music to represent Romeos character, peaceful and calm.However when Romeo is in his car chasing Tybalt the sound of his engine drowns anything else out even though there is some background music. When Romeo and Tybalt are fighting under the statue there is music but it soon fades out to silence as Tybalt drops his weapon. All that can be heard after this is Romeo pick up the gun and shoot Tybalt after this he drops the weapon to the floor and looks up aghast at the statue above loud dramatic classical music is played; this all adds to the growing tension and leaves the audience in shock. When Romeo drops the gun it drops in slow motion and silence but the sound of it hitting the floor is very clear and loud, this helps the audience what he has done. The sound effects and music helps teenagers to get more in to the movie. The music is appealing to wider audiences and helps audiences get in to the movieIn Zefferelli’s play music isn’t used greatly, it is used in short amounts at key points to help build tension and convey feeling, like at the point where we find out Mercutio is dead, there is a short piece of tragic music, this helps the audience understand that the play has changed from a romance to a trag edy.Most of the others sounds in the play are of speech, because even though Zefferelli focuses on the action and draws out the fight scene, the action never draws away from the words, they are an important part of his play. There are church bells tolling in the background at the beginning of the scene, a reminder of the marriage that has just taken place. Bells also close the scene, being audible just after the death of Tybalt. To show turning points in the play.Perhaps the most important aspect of this film is the way Luhrman uses his camera angles to add tension and drama. In Luhrman’s play the camera angles are changed much more rapidly. Quick movements across the camera and panning help indicate the speed and chaos of the scene. Luhrman has the ability to make people look powerful or weak and does this very well. When the Capulet’s approach the Montague’s they show low angle shots on both Tybalt and Mercutio who are the two most powerful characters in the p lay. This low angle shot make the person look powerful and creates a kind of showdown atmosphere between Mercutio and Tybalt also in this part of the scene it shows close ups on the other Montague’s and shows their intense fear of the Capulet’s.Later on during the fight between Romeo and Tybalt it shows a close up of Tybalts face to show his intense hatred of Romeo a close up of Romeo’s face is also shown he seems to want to be at peace with the Capulets due to his recent marriage with Juliet. When Tybalt strikes Romeo to the ground a high angle shot looks down on Romeo and makes him look helpless. A low angle shot is then shown to make Tybalt look powerful .Later on as Mercutio punches Tybalt to the ground a high angle shot makes Tybalt look weak.When Romeo chases Tybalt in his car a close up is shown on Romeo’s face entranced with rage. Another shot goes to a close up on Tybalt who looks guilty and repentant what he has done has just sunk in. A high ang le shot shows the cars as Romeo rams the Back of Tybalt’s. Once out of the car both men scramble for Tybalt’s gun and Tybalt picks it up first. Then he points the gun at Romeo who has lost any care for his own life because he is so enraged and he walks towards and forces Tybalt’s gun to his head. This is a very ironic piece of film as Tybalt is the man with the gun but Romeo is the more powerful of the two a high angle shot shows this.When Romeo picks up the gun Tybalt had dropped and fires into Tybalt, close ups on Romeo’s face show he is crying as he fires the gun into Tybalt who’s face is shown in slow motion as his body jerks with the force of the bullets hitting him A high angle shot shows Tybalt floating lifelessly in the water underneath the statue then a high angle shot shows a repentant and tearful Romeo staring up at the statue. You see all the anger drain from him and this is replaced by guilt.In the Zefferelli version, longer camera sho ts are taken in a much more conventional way. This is less interesting but gives more depth to each take, because of this the pace is much slower which makes the film less gripping. Blurred effects are also used later to show more clearly the growing tension.After having seen both versions of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet I think that each film was made for a very different reason. I think that Zefferelli’s film was made to be as accurate to the original as possible but I think that Luhrman wanted to modernise the play for a modern audience.However I think Baz Luhrmans production of Romeo and Juliet is more appealing to younger audiences because it is contemporary to their time. They can relate to this because they already know about settings and situation in the film which may interest them. I think it is easier to interpret the meaning of the difficult text and the use of guns and other modern props make it so. How they make it accessible Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

TO WHAT EXTENT DID THE NAZIS S essays

TO WHAT EXTENT DID THE NAZIS S essays QUESTION @ TO WHAT EXTENT DID THE NAZIS SUCCEED IN BRINGING ABOUT A SOCIAL REVOLUTION BETWEEN 1933 AND 1939? On the 30th January 1933 President Hindenburg offered Adolf Hitler, the leader of the National Socialist Party, the position, Chancellor of Germany. From this day forward, the future of Germany was to radically change. The question, whether the Nazis succeeded in bringing about a social revolution poses many different questions. Such as the impact of the Third Reich on the youth, attitudes to women, and also how the Nazis economic policies affected different classes. However, to assess whether a revolution came about, you need to see what came before the years 1933 to 1939. A comparison with the Weimar republic needs to be made to measure the extent of the change. The years of the Weimar Republic saw the setting up of a democratic government with all Germans given equal rights including the right to vote. During the later years of Weimar, the Dawes plan did much to restore confidence in the German economy and investment came in from the USA especially. This meant that new houses, roads and public facilities could be built. Wages rose in real terms every year from 1924-30 and working hours were shortened. Women were given more equality and some were elected to the Reichstag. Germans saw the Weimar Republic bringing about many radical changes but in the case of Nazi ideologies, a return to past traditional values was demanded. Hitler disliked the industrial society and loved the idea of a return to a more rural way of life. However he realised that without industry and mass production, rearmament would not be possible, as this was one of his main aims he had accept it. One historian, Ralf Dahrendorf claimed that the revolution that took place between the years of 1933 and 1939 was one of modernity and that National Socialism had completed the social revolution which had been held up by Weimar Germany. Centra...

If we were asked what if the greatest and most distinctive achievement Essay

If we were asked what if the greatest and most distinctive achievement performed by Englishmen in the field of jurisprudence I cannot think that we should have - Essay Example The essence f a trust is that it is an obligation concerning property which is enforceable in the courts which will control the trustees and, in rare cases, even carry out the trust. There must thus be beneficiaries who can apply to the court to enforce their rights. It follows that a trust must be created for the benefit f persons but not for a purpose unless that purpose is charitable, for a purpose can not sue, but if it be charitable the Attorney General may sue to enforce it. It is therefore the beneficiary principle which will often be the deciding factor in whether a case is successful as a purpose trust or not. The leading case for the theory is that f Morice v. Bishop f Durham . The testatrix in this case had bequeathed all her property to the Bishop f Durham upon trust for 'such objects f benevolence and liberality as the Bishop f Durham in his own discretion shall most approve of.' It was held that the trust was not charitable and could not stand as a private trust either because it had no specific beneficiaries and had been made purely for a purpose. 'Every other trust must have a definite object. There must be somebody in whose favour the Court can decree performance.' Sir William Grant MR. Administrative workability is also essential in that there is a certainty f who the trust is to benefit. Lord Eldon said this in Morice v Bishop f Durham: "As it is a maxim that the execution f a trust shall be under the control f the court it must be f such a nature that it can be under that control; so that the administration f it can be reviewed by the court, or the court itself can execute the trust: a trust, therefore, which in case f maladministration could be reformed and a due administration directed." It then follows that the trust must not be impossible to perform. A time limit as to the life span f the trust is also often necessary so as not to have it go on forever because it may not be in the public interest. Finally, if the purpose f the trust is capricious, useless, wasteful, harmful, illegal or otherwise contrary to public policy, it will obviously fail. There are a number f exceptions to the invalidity f purpose trusts, however it is the general dislike f these trusts that have lead to them being recognised as 'troublesome, anomalous and aberrant' .: Re Endacott [1960] presented a gift to the parish council for "the purpose f providing some useful memorial to myself". Harman LJ at first instance refused to uphold such a trust and said 'these cases stand by themselves and ought not to be increased in number, nor indeed followed, except where one is exactly like another'. However, it was eventually held to be valid on the reasoning that it asses to and improved the fabric f the church. A further exceptional case was that f Re Hooper [1932] in which it was held to be a valid purpose trust because it had been limited in perpetuity. Most instances f cases, known as the 'monument' cases, are found to be subject to rules f perpetuity and will therefore be valid. Trusts for the saying f masses are often also valid because there is a close religious link; Re Hetherington [1990] . Trusts for the maintenance f particular animals (such as in the case f Re Dean (1889)) may also be held valid because there is the ability to establish certainty f object, being the animals. It is a general rule that the law does not recognise non-charitable purpose trusts and they are

Strategy and change management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategy and change management - Essay Example With the aim to reduce the operational cost several business enterprises engaged in the airline industry decided to merge. The year 2008 marked the emergence of the world’s largest airline named Delta after the successful merger of two proclaimed organizations namely Delta Airlines, Inc and Northwest Airline Corp. The capability of the newly developed airline company increased as a result of the merger. Northwest Airline is now a subsidiary of the former organization. The low cost airlines seem to compete in the market where the density of passengers is high and in such a market the low cost airlines can enjoy the competitive advantages. They offer timely services and the low cost acts as the catalyst in driving the travellers to the airlines booking offices. In the airline industry the economies of scale theory has a major role to play. The density of traffic allows the airline organizations to offer such low fares and is a prime feature of the industry. The economies of scale theory also bring some non price benefits along with it. The airline companies try to compete with the tool of product d ifferentiation and the quality customer service seems to make up the other tools of competition. The airline operators in Europe and America had to face turbulences during the period of downturn. The competition revolved around fares, service and operational efficiency. The over reliance on the market of North America has been one of the reason for the turbulence for the company under consideration. The topic of merger and acquisition is a topic of discussion in the airline industry. The price of fuel and the increased cost of operation have acted to shuffle the balance of the forecasted growth for the airline operators. The assignment will take into consideration the significance of the merger that exists between Delta Airlines and Northwest Airlines. In 2008 the two companies discussed

Are Police Officers Above the Laws They are Sworn to Uphold Essay

Are Police Officers Above the Laws They are Sworn to Uphold - Essay Example A better spotlight on police activities and education on human rights principles is much needed to re-align the interests of the American police force with those of the American public and at the same time, a system of public oversight needs to be established to make the police more accountable for their actions (Cohen 1975). Police corruption and violence take a huge toll on a society. The feelings of injustice and an increased marginalization of the less privileged are only amplified when a person is unlawfully targeted by the police. The increased police violence also brings with it the disappointment that nothing can be done to curb this tyranny undertaken by the police. This attitude is quite pervasive in the society, leading many people to view the law enforcement agencies as the enemy which seriously undermines their authority by giving people a reason to not cooperate with them if need be (Sherman 1978). It is true that many police officers remain conscientious and honest but still, there are others who use their authority to serve their own interests. Unfortunately, this attitude is a source of fear and harassment for their victim’ families and the related communities. ... This is a serious allegation as it means that sometimes more than one police officer is involved in the incidence. Police violence is usually a way of imparting justice which clearly is not a part of their job description. It is commonly accepted in the American legal system that a person is innocent until proven guilty. But the American police have acquired the reputation of being a law unto themselves. Many incidences are reported every year, where it is evident the a police man acted without any respect for people’s rights and imparted violence even though the situation could have been handled without the use of guns or batons (Sherman 1978). The profession of a policeman requires a lot of accountability, perhaps even more than a doctor’s. After all, only police officers have the authority to take away a person’s freedom and even life and no questions may be asked in certain situations. This power over people’s lives is also very visible which is why ev ery police officer must hold himself to the greatest standard of honesty, integrity, equality and professionalism. Unfortunately, this does not always happen and instead many police officers are blinded into thinking that their authority over people’s lives is immortal and invincible (United Nations Office on Drug and Crime 2011). Law enforcement agencies must create procedures that subjugate police officers to public scrutiny in case of any violent or corrupt behavior. They must take responsibility for policemen demonstrating proper public behavior. (COPS 2009) Police force needs to build a sustainable relationship with the public by demonstrating honor and integrity. Police officers who are found guilty of race discrimination or use of excessive force must

Special Needs Students: Learning Life Skills

Special Needs Students: Learning Life Skills All children must learn life skills at one time or another in their lives. Most average children will not only learn life skills at home but will also learn them at school. Special needs children may not have the ability to learn the normal life skills at school as they are generally segregated from the average students. What are life skills, you ask? According to Wikipedia, Life skills are a set of human skills acquired via teaching or direct experience that are used to handle problems and questions commonly encountered in daily human life. .(Wikipedia.org) Unicef states, Life Skills, this term refers to a large group of psycho-social and interpersonal skills which can help people make informed decisions, communicate effectively, and develop coping and self-management skills that may help them lead a healthy and productive life. Life skills may be directed toward personal actions and actions toward others, as well as actions to change the surrounding environment to make it conduciv e to health. (Unicef.org) Life skills are learned by watching others or being taught by another. Average children learn the life skills needed to become successful adults in society without any problems. Most do not even realize they are learning a life skill at the time. How are special needs children supposed to learn these life skills if they are continually segregated from general education students? Inclusion of special needs students into at least elective style classes to learn life skills is a very important step for education. Segregation of special needs students has always been an issue in the education world. One special educator stated, When I started teaching, it was expected that students with significant special needs would be placed in segregated special education classrooms. I noted at that time that these students didnt have access to the same opportunities as the students who participated in the regular education classrooms. Their curriculum was watered down and did not provide exposure to the real world. Their school environment was isolating, and they had only each other as role models and peers. (Lipsitt, A 1998) In following what she wrote, I see a strong problem with trying to teach a special needs student life skills when the ones they are modeling do not have life skills themselves. This is where inclusion helps to change that problem. Inclusion into elective classrooms is a great first step into getting your special needs students into the mainstream of your school. All students deserve the time to socialize with their peers and to learn how to become social accepted. Elective classrooms are a more relaxed and have a less regulated curriculum than core classes. Elective classes pose a more positive situation for the special needs student to feel more relaxed and not so pressured to fit in academically. It is not just a special needs students that need to learn how to fit in, average students also need to learn how to handle being around a special needs student. As an average student of the 80s I do not remember ever having a special needs student in any of my classes. I am not sure we even had that many special needs students at our school, those that were there, were never seen in the regular areas of the school. Today that is something that needs to be changed. It is time to make things equal for all. Everyone deserves to be treated the same regardless of their condition. A person with a disability is not a disabled person. (Lipsitt, A. 1998) This is so true when it comes to a special needs student. Some special needs students are students that just need a bit more help with comprehension, some are physically not able to get around, but are able to understand what is going on around them. Some special needs students are labeled non-communicative. That is wrong on so many levels. A student that does not communicate by normal means is labeled that way, yet they do communicate just not the way you or I would. Each has their own way of communicating what they need or want. Why should we segregate them because we cant understand what they are saying. Maybe we should be segregated for not understanding, and then maybe we would understand what they go through on a daily basis. Inclusion is such a wonderful solution to such a horrific problem of discrimination. One day I hope to see all students sharing all classrooms. Teachers being able to work together to teach all students, the life skills that are necessary to become very successful adults in society in each ones special way is the goal we are after. River Thames Flood Barrier | Review River Thames Flood Barrier | Review Thames Barrier Flood ABSTRACT This is a paper regarding the Thames Barrier. I am trying to present a report on Thames Barrier which is a kind of barrier on the River Thames for flood control. It was constructed between 1974 and 1984. As situated at Woolwich Reach, this barrier is considered to be a remarkable construction. After its construction it was first used defensively in 1983. After that there was no looking back. From 1983 onwards it has been used over 100 times defensively. Till March 19th, 2008 it has got no competitor in its way. Being the worlds second largest movable flood barrier the Thames Barrier stands with all pride and superiority. In this paper I am going to present some of the important things related to this great construction. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Thames Barrier located in the downstream of central London, United Kingdom. It is a magnificently well built mega-structure of the world. The purpose of this barrier is to prevent London being flooded. London in general faces seasonal high tide moving up from the sea all these exceptionally high tides are exacerbated by a storm surge. The Thames Barrier is raised for the duration of the high tide in order to prevent it from getting inside the city. As for the dealings with the low tide the Thames Barrier can be opened and as such it release water flowing down the Thames and in general circumstances backs up behind it. The functionality of this Thames Barrier is very unique and is of great use to the people of London. It has been built across a 523 metre wide over the stretched width of the river, this barrier divides the river into four 61m and two 31m navigable spans. Along with these it also divided it into 4 smaller non-navigable channels between nine concrete piers and two abutments. Huge in structure and worth in construction, this is an amazing barrier ranking itself in the second position. THE REPORT The Thames Barrier is for me a remarkable construction and with its gigantic structure it has saved London for 100 times. In this paper I am going to explore all those aspects of this barrier that has made it world’s second largest barrier. I am also trying to find out how appropriately it has been built and how worth is its construction. The roles played by the government and the engineers and the contractors are also my concern. As the paper proceeds I discover certain things that need some kind of discussion and thus the target of my paper. The Thames Barrier took a span of ten years to get constructed. It was started in 1974 and was finished in the year 1984. Its target was to control and to limit the damages that cause by the seasonal flood of London. It is at the Woolwich Reach and from the day of its launch it has protected London from 1oos of disasters. There are of course some amounts of variations too and that is what the main objective of this paper is. The construction is not only unique but is very innovative among its contemporaries. It is the kind of flood gates that gets across the openings in very stylish circular segments in cross section. The engineering of it is also very remarkable and the operation thus has been constructed in a very circular and rotating manner. The water gets raised by hydraulics. The raising of water causes from the horizontal sill on the riverbed and as such there is the appearance of a steel and concrete barrier to check the tidal water. This act of rising gets elongated further and the ration continues allowing underspill operations to control the upstream levels and a complete 180 degree rotation for maintenance of the water levels. The barrier makes a shield of 40mm thickness and the gates fill with water when submerged. It then let it go empty as the water emerges from the river in a huge tidal form. The construction id full proof as there are additional four central gated of 61 mtrs long and 10. 5 mtrs high; along with two outer gates that are of 31.5mtrs. There are four radial gates of 31,5mtrs long by the riverbanks and are flexible enough to be lowered down. These gates are left opening for the ships and at the same time can be rotated and closed to stop water travelling towards London. There is no doubt to the fact that this barrier is a very strong step towards the protection of the city from flood. TECHNICAL UNCERTAINITIES AND INNOVATION It was Charles Draper who came up with the idea of rotating gates and that is the factor that differentiated Thames Barrier from other contemporary constructions. The trio of Rendel, Palmer and Tritton were the actual engineers behind the construction of this particular unique barrier. The selection of the site was also very important and as such it was decided that Woolwich will be the most suitable site as it is the relative straightness of the banks. It was also discovered that in this site the underlying river chalk will act as a strong support the barrier. The construction was initiated by Costain/Hollandsche Beton Maatschappij/Tarmac Construction consortium. The strategically structured things related to the flood defences were made for 11 miles down river and all these equipments were properly raised and strengthened. The amount that was invested in this whole construction was around  £534 million (at 2001 prices). Added to this budget was the additional  £100 million investment was done specifically for the purpose of river defences. The target was for a span of 1000 years. This was undoubtedly a long term thought and investment. There was a clear understanding of land and water before these declarations are made. All these assessments now seem very irrelevant as the estimations are failing as per the predictions. The main reasons behind these diversifications are the increasing factors of global warming and the simultaneous rise of the sea level. The barrier was made in order to cope with the projected sea level that will continuously keep on rising till 2030–2050. Not only these are the possibilities, but there are the suspicions that whether the barrier will be able to complete its promised term. The technical aspects came into being when there was a high tides forecast in the North Sea. The threat was developed more with the declaration that the high river flows at the tidal limit at Teddington weir is the scientifically proven indicator for the measurement of the water levels that was supposed to exceed 4.87 m in central London. The re was the creation and opening of this estuary from the Teddington. At low tide it is a successful effort that can make greater flow rates. With this increase in the rate of flow the further one goes downstream. In the time of upstream flows there gets the act of creating great reservoirs protecting the flood water from rolling down to the city. POLITICS The political roles as has been played are very dramatic and worth all discussion. It was in 2005, that there came up a very interesting suggestion that to supersede the Thames Barrier. The target was huge and there was the application for a 16 km (10 mi) long barrier across the Thames Estuary. It was a very long extension from Sheerness in Kent to Southend in Essex was. After the completion of this the whole got exposed to the public for wider speculations and popularity. The political agreements came into being after the disastrous flood of February 1953, when the sea level was raised by 2 metres at Southend. The disastrous flood covered an area of 64,750 hectares 24,000 houses, and a major set back came into being with 200 major industrial premises, along with a number of 320 kilo-metres of railway. The affects were tremendous over twelve gasworks and two electric power stations that resulted in a heavy loss to the state as a whole. Depressingly enough there were almost 300 people drowned as well as much livestock. The estimations were done about the higher water levels that were supposed to reach 1 in 50 in a year. All these disastrous aspects and the upcoming threats made the governor get more concerned about the consequences. There came up a much stronger political pressure over the government. As such it appointed a departmental committee, the Waverley Committee, to examine the upcoming threats and the relevant solutions to them. As per the report submitted by the committee in 1954, the implementation of a barrier needs to be examined and has to be applied. Initially various sites we re suggested, but finally it was Woolwich Reach. As the construction proceeded there came up a serious concern from the Port of London Authority. According to this concern there will be a single unobstructed opening of not less than 1,400 feet in the barrier that was supposed to be constructed. This was a very turning point towards the added complications of the designing strategies. However in 1965, there came up another high surge tide and this time the Waverley Committee recommendation had got nowhere and the whole importance lied on the construction of the barrier as soon as possible. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT There were heavy sufferances towards the outbreak of these seasonal floods. The more precautions are taken, the quicker the water runs into the sewers and then the rivers, and the faster they rise. The area most affected last summer was Severn Trent. It has been estimated that up to ‘4% of the land in its region is converted to hard surfaces each year’. The floodwater runs off land faster than ever with fewer places to go. There are these assessments made about the queries that whether this critical infrastructure sites have adequate defences. There are many questions coming up towards the success of this particular Thames Barrier. The floods in England are devastating and how far is it possible to make the Thames Barrier secured for the purpose is still a question. According to the inspections made by the BBC, the flood alerts as has been applied in England and Netherlands are not much effective and fears of storm-driven tidal surges have not materialised. According t the latest assessments and findings these alerts however are saving much life than 1953. It was in that year about 2,000 people in the two countries faced the devastating affects of the flood. In 1953, in a span of a night thousands of people were evacuated in England and surge barriers closed at the Dutch port of Rotterdam. The rush was heavy and the losses were severe. There were great losses faced by England. In Germany and Denmark, several oil platforms were closed off the Norwegian coast and gales are forecast. These types of scenarios were like lifelong threats to the people of Britain. As a solution to this there was no other option than the application and dependence over the Thames Barrier. The role as has been played by the government way very vital. The only solution that the government could initiate with is the barrier. It was regarded as the modern solution. It was a joint assessment as has been made by the government and the Greater London Council. A barrier was closed without any possibility of failure which was again much supported by public in general. However the acceptability was not granted by the Hydraulic Research Station assessment. As for them it is very complicate business and will not succeed. Against all the opposition the Thames Barrier still stands very firm and is protecting London with all its efforts. There came up this Barrier Act that holds the responsibility for the barrier within the government. It was thus was readily accepted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF). As it was more concerned about the flooding upon the farming section the approval was due. As consequence to this there was a government grant of 75 per cent that was obtained under MAFF. Added to this was the contribution made by the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, the alternative possibility, would have had difficulty in allocating a grant for anything over 40 per cent of the project budget. If the flood in London gets neglected than there are the possibility of thousands of homes, shops, factories, businesses and buildings would be affected. The monetary and financial set backs are sure to happen. If all these get activated than there could be such instances that will make London take moths in functioning again. The financial cost of a major flood could be enormous, possibly topping  £30,000m without counting the cost in human suffering and potential loss of life. SCHEDULE DURATION AND URGENCY After 1953, there were regular assessment being made in order to check the timing and the particular season for the tidal affects. In accordance to the declarations made there were proper evacuations and proper resettlements of the community. The role as played by Thames Barrier here is that it is the protecting shield for the same and there is no such way to make London safer. This barrier needs regular maintenance and that has been well bestowed. Global warming is the main cause behind all these disasters. Even the Thames Barrier which was supposed to stand or 1000 years is hardly going to meet the deadline. The drastic change in the climate has made things tougher. People are more concerned about the threats and their property than anything else. These are many agencies and corporations who are working for the same. According to the assessment as forwarded by the UK Environment Agency; there supposed to have extreme danger to life and property if the Thames Barrier is not maintained well enough. FINANCIAL, LEGAL AND CONTRACTUAL MATTERS The financial cost of a major flood has got the topping of an estimated amount of £30,000m without counting the cost in human suffering. This also excludes the potential losses that had happened. The solution was towards the construction of the Thames Barrier. It was a huge construction and as such was very keenly associated with the works of highly sophisticated engineering. As per the estimations the final cost of the flood defences within the Environment Agencys Thames Region was approximately  £535 million. From the contributions of the taxpayers the expenditure was met by 75% of the approved costs and ratepayers were responsible for the remainder. As undertaken by GLC Department of Public Health Engineering the programme got multifaceted exposure and support from all squares of the population. There were these trio of consultant engineers Rendel,Palmer and Tritton who were in charge of the whole responsibility. All expenditure on which grant aid was claimed was subject to a further detailed check by the engineers and accountants of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. As a condition of grant aid, all variations over  £50,000 had to have prior approval by the ministry. There was an estimation that states that over 80 staff operate and maintain the Barrier and the associated flood defences. The declarations for any threat could be made before 36 hours in advance and as such the evacuation can happen. However the risks are less due to the Thames Barrier and as such there was hardly any matter to get the threat. The tidal flood risk to London must be seen in the context of the whole estuary or else the Thames Barrier will be a result of heavier investment losses. The tidal Thames seems to be higher than the Thames Barrier and as such the re needs to be some assumptions made over the sustainability of the Barrier. As when it comes to the planning for the future there comes up the negotiation between the Environment Agency, government, local authorities, environmental organisations and others. The objective that all these organisational units hold is to provide long term-answers on flood risk management in the greater Thames Estuary. A severe flood in London most of the time affects the central part of the London. The causes are devastating and the damages were made by the river. The attention should also be given to the fresh water and sewer systems and needs to mend them for the disrupt power, gas, telephone and vital data services. This results n heavy financial losses and as such there are many things that needs to be given extra attentions. CONCLUSION Sir Hermann Bondi, an eminent mathematician, astronomer and government scientist made a revision over the flood threat in 1966. According to the assessment as forwarded by Professor Bondi, there will be a serious flood in London. He further added that this flood would be A disaster of [a] singular and immense kind and that it must not be allowed, particularly since the ability to prevent it existed’. His idea was for the application of a containerisation that was supposed to be reduced the traffic to the Port of London dramatically. This idea was however not accepted and there came up this mega-structure for the proper and specific measures for the protection of flood. The political awareness led the UK Environment Agency to make the futuristic assessments towards the upcoming threats of the flood in London. According to their assessments, there is sure to be an encounter with an extreme danger to life and property. The areas that it specifies are the parts of Norfolk, Suffolk, Kent and Essex. Not only that the UK Environment Agency had issued eight severe flood alerts for the precautionary measures to happen. Added to these alerts there were the declarations made by the Met Office. It announced there is this tremendous gust of up to 145km/h (90mph) that covered the areas of Orkney and Shetland Islands in Scotland. As a result there was a sufferance of around 500 people. All these people were compelled to spend the night at refuge centres set up at local schools and on the upper floors of their houses. The government was having great concern towards it and the sufferance had no other solution than the Thames Barrier. REFERENCES Environment Agency, n.d., http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/regions/thames/323150/335688/341764/341785/?version=1lang=_e [retrieved on 17.06.08] Reliability of the Thames Barrier, n.d., http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0AU5Ics8LL8Cpg=PA208dq=bondi+h+1967+thames+barrierei=sfs4SLGGIpyUywTI_5XqDwsig=2eF6CA7we7I5swksvsQVWuPxJUU#PPA199,M1 [retrieved on 17.06.08] Thames Barrier, n.d., http://www.jasa.net.au/london/thames.htm [retrieved on 17.06.08] The penalties of ignoring the risks, n.d., http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/regions/thames/323150/335688/341764/341770/?lang=_e[retrieved on 17.06.08] RECOMMENDATIONS London By Sarah Johnstone, Tom Masters, Published 2006, Lonely Planet,London (England),ISBN:1740598318

growaw Unfulfilled Edna Pontellier of Kate Chopins The Awakening Ess

Unfulfilled Edna of The Awakening  Ã‚   As evidenced in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, and other novels of the 1800’s, women writers of this period seem to feel very repressed. Leonce Pontellier seemed to be fond of his wife, and treated her as one would treat a loved pet. In the beginning of the story it describes him as looking at her as a â€Å"valuable piece of personal property†. He does not value her fully as a human being more as a piece of property. However, he expects her to be everything he thinks she should be. Her children also expect total sacrifice from her. She obviously feels unfulfilled in life and inadequate in many facets. She does not feel like an artist, she does not feel like a satisfied wife or mother. Since she does not feel like she has an actual life, that is why it is easy to kill herself. It is at the end when she views the sea as the rolling,endless meadow that the sees a life without constrictions. She finally feels free and at peace. The Awakening is an emotionally unsatisfying story. It is the story of a women, Edna, who tries unsuccessfull...