To Kill a Mockingbird Book Report Essay Example

To Kill a Mockingbird Book Report Essay Title To Kill a Mockingbird Type of Book To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel by Harper Lee published in 1960. It was instantly successful, winning the Pulitzer Prize, and has become a classic of modern American literature. The plot and characters are loosely based on the authors observations of her family and neighbors, as well as on an event that occurred near her hometown in 1936, when she was 10  years old. The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrators father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novels impact by writing, In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism. Lexile No. of Pages: Two hundred ninety-six pages (296), First edition) About the Author Nelle Harper Lee (born April 28, 1926) is an American author best known for her 1960 Pulitzer Prize winning novel To Kill a Mockingbird, which deals with the issues of racism that were observed by the author as a child in her hometown of Monroeville, Alabama. Despite being Lees only published book, it led to Lee being awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom of the United States for her contribution to literature in 2007. We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Book Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Book Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on To Kill a Mockingbird Book Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lee has also been the recipient of numerous honorary degrees, but has always declined to make a speech. Nelle Harper Lee was born in Monroeville, Alabama, the youngest of four children of Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Cunningham Finch Lee. Her mothers name was Finch. Her father, a former newspaper editor and proprietor, was a lawyer who served in the Alabama State Legislature from 1926 to 1938. As a child, Lee was a tomboy and a precocious reader, and was best friends with her schoolmate and neighbor, the young Truman Capote. In 1944, Lee graduated from Monroe County High School in Monroeville, and enrolled at the all-female Huntingdon College in Montgomery for one year, and pursued a law degree at the University of Alabama from 1945 to 1949, pledging the Chi Omega sorority. Lee wrote for several student publications and spent a year as editor of the campus humor magazine, Rammer Jammer. Though she did not complete the law degree, she studied for a summer in Oxford, England, before moving to New York City in 1950, where she worked as a reservation clerk with Eastern Air Lines and BOAC. Lee continued as a reservation clerk until 1958, when she devoted herself to writing. She lived a frugal life, traveling between her cold-water-only apartment in New York City and her family home in south-central Alabama to care for her father. Purpose of the Author Many details of To Kill a Mockingbird are apparently autobiographical. Like Lee, the tomboy (Scout) is the daughter of a respected small-town Alabama attorney. The plot involves a legal case, the workings of which would have been familiar to Lee, who studied law. Scouts friend Dill was inspired by Lees childhood friend and neighbor, Truman Capote,while Lee is the model for a character in Capotes first novel, Other Voices, Other Rooms. Harper Lee has downplayed autobiographical parallels. Yet Truman Capote, mentioning the character Boo Radley in To Kill a Mockingbird, described details he considered biographical: In my original version of Other Voices, Other Rooms I had that same man living in the house that used to leave things in the trees, and then I took that out. He was a real man, and he lived just down the road from us. We used to go and get those things out of the trees. Everything she wrote about it is absolutely true. But you see, I take the same thing and transfer it into some Gothic dream, done in an entirely different way. Introduction: Setting: The small, depression-era southern town of Maycomb, Alabama provides a backdrop for the brooding Gothic theme. Harper Lee seems to impress upon her readers how poverty reinforces the hypocritical nature of a race-based class system. Characters Jean Louise â€Å"Scout† Finch: The narrator and protagonist of the story. Scout learns about the goodness of people as well as the dark side of humanity. Jem: Scouts older brother, Jem serves as protector. His presence also highlights Scouts youthful innocence. Dill:Friend of Scout and Jem Atticus: The proud, moral, respected father. Tom Robinson: The black man who was accused of raping Mayella but apparently innocent rapist. Arthur Boo Radley: The mysterious reclusive neighbor. Mayella Ewell:The daughter of Bob Robert E. Lee â€Å"Bob† Ewell:A poor white man Plot The story takes place during three years of the Great Depression in the fictional tired old town of Maycomb, Alabama. The narrator, six-year-old Scout Finch, lives with her older brother Jem and their widowed father Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt for the summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Boo Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo and, for many years, few have seen him. The children feed each others imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. Following two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone is leaving them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times, the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, never appears in person. Atticus is appointed by the court to defend Tom Robinson, a black man who has been accused of raping a young white woman, Mayella Ewell. Although many of Maycombs citizens disapprove, Atticus agrees to defend Tom to the best of his ability. Other children taunt Jem and Scout for Atticus actions, calling him a nigger-lover. Scout is tempted to stand up for her fathers honor by fighting, even though he has told her not to. For his part, Atticus faces a group of men intent on lynching Tom. This danger is averted when Scout, Jem, and Dill shame the mob into dispersing by forcing them to view the situation from Atticus and Toms points of view. Because Atticus does not want them to be present at Tom Robinsons trial, Scout, Jem, and Dill watch in secret from the colored balcony. Atticus establishes that the accusers—Mayella and her father, Bob Ewell, the town drunk—are lying. It also becomes clear that the friendless Mayella was making sexual advances towards Tom and her father caught her in the act. Despite significant evidence of Toms innocence, the jury convicts him. Jems faith in justice is badly shaken, as is Atticus, when a hopeless Tom is shot and killed while trying to escape from prison. Humiliated by the trial, Bob Ewell vows revenge. He spits in Atticus face on the street, tries to break into the presiding judges house, and menaces Tom Robinsons widow. Finally, he attacks the defenseless Jem and Scout as they walk home from the school Halloween pageant. Jems arm is broken in the struggle, but amid the confusion, someone comes to the childrens rescue. The mysterious man carries Jem home, where Scout realizes that he is the reclusive Boo Radley. Maycombs sheriff arrives and discovers that Bob Ewell has been killed in the struggle. The sheriff argues with Atticus about the prudence and ethics of holding Jem or Boo responsible. Atticus eventually accepts the sheriffs story that Ewell simply fell on his own knife. Boo asks Scout to walk him home, and after she says goodbye to him at his front door, he disappears again. While standing on the Radley porch, Scout imagines life from Boos perspective and regrets that they never repaid him for the gifts he had given them. Conclusion: The mockingbird stands for innocence in this book. Some of the mockingbirds in the book are characters whose goodness was injured or squelched: Jem and Scout, whose innocence is lost; Tom Robinson, who is killed despite his innocence; Atticus, whose goodness is almost broken; Boo Radley, who is judged for his apparent weirdness. Harper Lee seems to demonstrate that people who are caught up in the misery of ignorance and poverty resort to racism as a way to hide their own shame and low self-esteem. Scout first mimics Boo Radley until she discovers his kindness and bravery. Much of the town casts judgment upon the accused Tom Robinson, despite the hard evidence to the contrary. Vocabolary words: Great Depression- a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. Fictional-is any form of narrative which deals, in part or in whole, with events that are not factual, but rather, imaginary and invented by its author(s). Fascinated-captivated, spellbound Mysterious-mysterious   means of an obscure nature, while mystical means having a divine meaning that transcends human understanding

Free Essays on Legalize Marijuanna

Alcohol and tobacco kills thousands of people every year. I have never heard of one death being caused by marijuana. Marijuana is a relatively harmless drug that governments around the world have made illegal. Why? This very controversial issue has been going on for awhile, but lately it seems to be making some progress. Just last month, Nevada voted to severely cut its laws when it comes to punishment for possession. This shows that this issue will not go away anytime soon, and there might be some validity to the idea that marijuana could be beneficial to our society. I think that for many reasons marijuana should be legalized. The main advantage of legalizing this drug would be to help terminally ill people. This drug has been shown to help patients that are suffering from diseases like AIDS, cancer, and other terminal illnesses. When people like this know they are going to die, and are in pain, what is the problem with them smoking something that will ease their pain? If this drug is helping them to not suffer, then I don’t see any problems with it. Marijuana is proven to ease their pain, and not cause any side effects. Other drugs that are used today to help relieve pain cause many bad side effects, marijuana has none. For this reason, it should be legalized to help the ill. Another benefactor of legalizing marijuana is the government. The government could make a large amount of revenue through taxing it. Each year, our government makes billions of dollars from taxing tobacco. If marijuana became a manufactured product, the government could set the same taxes and make billions more. Once legalized and regulated by the government, the money raised through taxes could be used to help improve the country. Drug-fighting resources could be better used as well. Instead of wasting time with petty marijuana dealers and smokers, they could go after the drug trade of cocaine, heroin, and other dangerous substanc... Free Essays on Legalize Marijuanna Free Essays on Legalize Marijuanna Alcohol and tobacco kills thousands of people every year. I have never heard of one death being caused by marijuana. Marijuana is a relatively harmless drug that governments around the world have made illegal. Why? This very controversial issue has been going on for awhile, but lately it seems to be making some progress. Just last month, Nevada voted to severely cut its laws when it comes to punishment for possession. This shows that this issue will not go away anytime soon, and there might be some validity to the idea that marijuana could be beneficial to our society. I think that for many reasons marijuana should be legalized. The main advantage of legalizing this drug would be to help terminally ill people. This drug has been shown to help patients that are suffering from diseases like AIDS, cancer, and other terminal illnesses. When people like this know they are going to die, and are in pain, what is the problem with them smoking something that will ease their pain? If this drug is helping them to not suffer, then I don’t see any problems with it. Marijuana is proven to ease their pain, and not cause any side effects. Other drugs that are used today to help relieve pain cause many bad side effects, marijuana has none. For this reason, it should be legalized to help the ill. Another benefactor of legalizing marijuana is the government. The government could make a large amount of revenue through taxing it. Each year, our government makes billions of dollars from taxing tobacco. If marijuana became a manufactured product, the government could set the same taxes and make billions more. Once legalized and regulated by the government, the money raised through taxes could be used to help improve the country. Drug-fighting resources could be better used as well. Instead of wasting time with petty marijuana dealers and smokers, they could go after the drug trade of cocaine, heroin, and other dangerous substanc...

Analytic Philosophy Is Not A Systematic Philosophy Essay -- Education, L

â€Å"The use of analytic philosophy in education has some direct bearing on students, but perhaps it is most useful for educators in helping clarify what they propose to teach† (Ozmon Craver, 2008, p265). While the idea is well intentioned, the problem in today’s society is that teachers do not have much academic freedom and they are not well trained in analyzing their own curriculum. Today’s educational system is very much entrenched in standards and rote memorization of concepts. Teachers are expected to achieve certain scores on standardized tests or suffer from scrutiny from government entities or their school administrators. This need to teach an overabundance of standards has resulted in a system where teachers are con... ... middle of paper ... ... Craver, 2008, p267). One could argue that the analytic is exactly what our students are missing in order to become the best they can be. We are producing students who lack the skills to think critically. The focus on learning how to use language and understand it is essential to creating the mind that is capable of dissecting all the messages they encounter in a meaningful way. In the classroom, analysts are concerned about materials and methods and believe that both need to be scrutinized. Unfortunately, as long as our public education institutions are dependent upon government funding to offer their programs, the restrictions and constraints that come along with accepting that money will hinder the analytic process. While the analytic philosophy could have a profound effect on our educational system, our current structure just will not allow it to take hold.

Analyze opportunity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyze opportunity - Assignment Example such, with the increase in the number of individuals across different cultures preferring to take breakfast away from home, McDonalds is represented with a unique opportunity to increase its entrees in order to accommodate such individuals’ needs. In addition, with the new wave of globalization, McDonalds faces an opportunity to expand to other countries that they have not been able to reach yet (Yuece, 2012). Case in point, expansion into these countries requires the company to expand its entries in order to incorporate the cultural preferences of individuals within the new markets. Moreover, with the struggling global economy, McDonalds can increase the breakfast entrees to accommodate individuals with low income. This would allow the organization to reach out to a wider range of the consumers and increase the market share. Given the opportunities towards which McDonalds is exposed, there are various recommendations that would facilitate the organizations increase of breakfast entries. One of the recommendations is for McDonalds to provide new healthier entrees that would counter the various issues that have arisen concerning the negative impact of its foods on health. In every occasion and market, it is important for McDonalds to target markets using clear personalized positioning, with a detailed understanding of the breakfast needs and preferences of the targeted market. Lastly, through increasing the advertising and promotional techniques, McDonalds would be able to use its large market share and brand loyalty to increase publicity concerning new breakfast entries and thus increase

Request for Funds to Expand to Outdoor Catering Assignment

Request for Funds to Expand to Outdoor Catering - Assignment Example As such, the restaurant is considering other options that can help it serve its distinguished customers adequately. Currently, the fast food market is experiencing a rapid growth due to the increase of the working class customers. These are a group of customers who have money to spend and thus offering opportunities for investors to venture into the fast food industry. In this regard, this proposal invites venture capitalist to help Seasoned Catering to expand its business to outdoor catering. Seasoned Catering is a fast food restaurant that serves organic fast food to its customers. Over the years, the restaurant has seen its customer base expand due to an emphasis on healthier food products. Currently, Seasoned Catering has one outlet located in the city center and mainly serves the working class who has limited time to cook at home. The prices for Seasoned Catering products are customer friendly and this has helped to increase the demand for products from the restaurant. The restaurant at the moment has a staff consisting of 10 caterers and two management staff. However, the increasing number of customers means there is need to add more staff members to improve service delivery. While the restaurants maintain a focus on its working-class customers, it has also noticed the opportunity to also serve customers at their doorstep. This would help to improve the restaurant's sales volume and profits by over 70%. However, Seasoned Catering lacks adequate start-up that can ensu re it reaches organic fast-food customers in different locations around the city (Woolard & Condon, 2013). The outdoor catering for fast food is a new service in the market and it provides significant opportunities to increase sales and profits respectively.  

Iconography :: Essays Papers

Iconography Iconography, in art history, the study of subject matter in art. The meaning of works of art is often conveyed by the specific objects or figures that the artist chooses to portray; the purpose of iconography is to identify, classify, and explain these objects. Iconography is particularly important in the study of religious and allegorical painting, where many of the objects that are pictured—crosses, skulls, books, or candles, for example—have special significance, which is often obscure or symbolic. The use of iconographic symbols in art began as early as 3000 BC, when the Neolithic civilizations of the Middle East used nonhuman or animal figures to represent their gods. Thus, the Egyptian mother goddess Hathor was associated with the cow and usually appeared in relief sculpture and wall paintings as a cow-headed woman. The sun god Ra had a hawk's head, and the creator Ptah appeared as a bull. In ancient Greece and Rome, each of the gods was associated with specific objects. Zeus (Jupiter), the father of the gods, was often accompanied by an eagle or a thunderbolt; Apollo, the god of art, by a lyre; Artemis (Diana), the hunter, by a bow and quiver. In addition, the Romans perfected the use of secular allegorical symbols. For example, a woman surrounded by bunches of grapes and sheaves of wheat would be readily understood as a representation of the bounties of the earth. Early Christian art during the period of Roman persecution was highly circumspect, and innocuous objects—the fish and the dove—were used to symbolize Christ and the Holy Spirit. Later Christian art, however, became replete with iconographic symbols. In particular, many of the saints became associated with specific objects—Saint Peter with two keys, for instance, or Saint Catherine with a broken wheel. During the Renaissance and through the 18th century, allegorical paintings were especially popular, as artists constructed elaborate symbolic schemes to illustrate such themes as the vanity of human existence.

Research Methodology Essay

This research work is an action research investigating into the issues of illiteracy in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). An action research is a type of qualitative research of cyclical nature which is used to improve practice (Parsons and Brown, 2002). In other words, the work is meant to aid in executing an action program that will help reduce illiteracy in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi. It is meant to be cyclical in nature in that it is also intended to improve the provision of adult literacy with time by providing a means by which the program can be adequately implemented and improved upon with time. The results of this work identified the specific areas that call for attention in the provision of education for Abu Dhabi adults that are forty years old and over. It also suggested ways of assessing progress and improving upon the program with time. At the end, the research work became a useful resource for Abu Dhabi’s Western Region Development Council (WRDC) and other organizations who are stakeholders in improving adult learning in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi. This chapter describes the stages and processes that were involved in carrying out the research work. It presented the data gathering processes, describing also, the target research participants, the research locations, involvements of the main stakeholder organization, other stakeholders’ roles, and action plan towards the adoption, implementation, evaluation, and review of the research results. Research Design and Procedure The research approach involved data gathering activities aimed at obtaining all the relevant information about illiteracy in the target region for this research. Multiple sources and research instruments were used for the data gathering process. These includes, previous socio-economic studies in the Western Region, the statistics of adult students in the literacy classes as obtained from the Family Development Foundation and Abu Dhabi Education Council, surveys and interviews with illiterate adults (forty years and over), and so on. The research made use of research samples of adults who are forty years and above in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi. The samples of necessity consisted mostly of illiterates within the region. In addition, other sources were employed in gathering information and these shall be discussed further in the sections following. The data were thereafter analyzed to draw out workable solutions for the adult literacy program in the Western Region. Interviews with a Sample of Illiterate Adults Aged Forty Years and Over. The interviews were conducted shortly after establishing initial contacts and discussing with parties that are of interest in the illiteracy issue. The interviews aim at establishing the attitudes of the old illiterates in the Western Region (40 years and over) towards the remedial measures being taken to reduce illiteracy and how they have come to accept the current adult literacy program arranged by WRDC. Though the interviews were not formal or structured, questions were set to serve as guidelines during the interviews. A sample of the set of questions that were asked is as presented in Appendix A. For a proper geographical representation, the interviewees were picked from across the cities within the Western Region of Abu Dhabi and not just located from one city. The six cities from which the interviewees were drawn are Madinat Zayed, Al Mirfa, Ghayathi, Sila, Dalma, and Peda Al Mutawa. There was no strict pattern for the selection of the sample. Rather, convenience sample approach was used. The interviews spanned over a period of two months. In order to make it more flexible, the interviews were conducted through different means. This included personal face-to-face interviews, informal chatting during family and social gatherings, informal or semi formal phone chatting, and so on. The general strategy for the interviews was to start with broad questions and then follow up on the interviewee’s responses. Efforts were made to gain a full understanding of how each of the respondents captured the meaning of each question. This helped to avoid imposing meanings on the interviewee. Rather, it helped the interview process to achieve its target of obtaining information purely as reflected by the adult illiterates. In addition, the interviews were done in a language that each interviewee understood rather than conducting exclusively in English or other unfamiliar languages. Most especially, the approach of adopting a mixture of languages was employed to ensure that each interviewee feels at home in responding to the questions. This is necessary in order to obtain a feedback that is not influenced by any adverse or embarrassing conditions during the interview and this includes the effects that language barrier may have on the respondents if unfamiliar languages were used. Survey to Investigate the Reasons Behind Illiteracy for Adults Forty Years Old and Above. This is another research instrument that was used in addition to the interview. This is also more like the interview but is more formal in nature and administration. The intention of this was to obtain information from the illiterate adults as regards the reasons behind their illiteracy. In other words, it intends to establish the reasons for the occurrence of high illiteracy rates in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi. While the interviews responses will establish that there are indeed illiterate adults in this region and provide clues as regards the attitudes of the illiterates towards adult literacy, the survey results will explain the reasons behind the occurrence of high illiteracy rate. As it was for the interview, the survey was conducted using a research sample of adult illiterates (forty years and over) obtained across the cities of the Western Region. The sample was drawn from Madinat Zayed, Al Mirfa, Ghayathi, Sila, and Dalma. In addition, the language was such that the respondents understood the questions being asked except in cases where this was a measure of the illiteracy levels of the respondents. The sample of the survey questions are as presented in appendix B below. Need Assessment Survey – to know the learning needs of adult learners at the Western Region of Abu Dhabi. The ultimate objectives of this work are to ensure that the reasons behind high illiteracy rates are unearthed in the Western Region, and to enhance a high rate of patronage of the adult literacy classes. Thus, it will be necessary to gain insight into the learning needs of these illiterate adults so that the program may not continue to disappoint their expectations. In other words, there is a need to make the program all encompassing, meeting the expectations and the learning needs of the adults for who the program has been established. Moreover, the program should also be able to meet the needs of anticipating learners. In this light, a survey was also conducted to assess the learning needs of the illiterate adults at the Western Region. The sample of the survey instrument for this assessment is as included in appendix C. The survey sample at this time cut across the cities in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi. However, the age range of the survey sample was deliberately chosen to be below 40 years. This is due to the fact it is not exclusively those above 40 years of age that has learning needs and it will be advantageous to set up a program that will be all encompassing, taking care of the needs of learners from age grades lower than 40 years. The sample age range was fixed between 20 and 70 years. It is to be noted that the assessment was not limited only to adults who have been enrolled in the program and are still part of the training. The sample also included those who were enrolled but could not continue as well as those who did not enroll at any time. Again, the language of the survey was that which the respondents understand well and did not influence their responses in any way. Equipments Need Assessment. After obtaining the results of the three earlier mentioned surveys, an assessment of the equipments need for the present adult learning centers in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi was carried out. Precisely, the five Family Development Foundation (FDF) female adult learning centers in the Western Region’s cities (one each in five cities of Abu Dhabi Western Region – Madinat Zayed, Al Mirfa, Ghayathi, Sila, and Dalma) were assessed. This was carried out in conjunction with the FDF to give weight to the exercise and ensure detailed responses. A formal letter was sent to each of the centers asking them to identify and state their needs in terms of the facilities, resources and other materials for their adult education classes, as it is peculiar to each center. These responses could also be used to infer what the needs of the corresponding evening male classes are to an appreciable degree of accuracy. The male classes are also five (one in each of the five cities earlier mentioned). In addition, in conjunction with the Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC) a survey of the current enrollment in each of these male and female centers was taken. This provided a baseline for comparison with the current situation in adult literacy efforts across other cities and regions of Abu Dhabi. Adoption and Implementation of Research Results This research work was carried out to establish practical solutions for illiterate people in the Western Region of Abu Dhabi especially those who are not interesting in the current official adult education program. The results of this work is to aid the main stakeholder organization, (WRDC) establish flexible adult learning program for adults who are 40 years or older but are not interested in the mainstream adult education options. In addition, the program would adopt lifelong learning approach towards literacy. On the long run, the outcome of the program, through the facilitation of the research, will improve on the social, health and economic conditions of the beneficiaries. After the fieldwork, the data were analyzed and the results obtained. Thereafter, in conjunction with WRDC and based on the results of the analysis, a strategic proposal/plan was drawn to provide a more workable and lasting solution in handling the peculiarities of adult learning in Abu Dhabi’s Western Region. This was then presented for discussions with other stakeholders whose support had been enlisted in the research work. The stakeholders are the Family Development Foundation (FDF) and Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC). At the end of the stakeholders’ discussions, the proposal was reviewed and modified with the specific roles of each of the partners in the proposal clearly defined. The discussions also involved the program cost breakdown and budget. The funding for the program was then shared among the three parties involved in the program. Thereafter, a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was drafted and signed by the three parties. The Roles of the Partners in Program Planning and Execution. The WRDC was to conduct needs assessment for Western Region’s illiterate participants. Information to be gathered include their age, gender, willingness to participate in the program and for how many days or hours per week, preferred period of the day for lectures (wither morning or evening), preferred program duration (how many months or year), preferred location for lectures (whether in a Family Development Foundation’s learning center, a nearby school or other preferred locations), transportation needs, preferred subjects, how they want to learn, and so on. This has been carried out earlier in the fieldwork as described in the previous sections. ADEC’s role was to identify needed learning materials (e. g. extbooks, copybooks, teacher guidebook, hand outs, etc) in addition to other similar roles. In addition, FDF has the role of clarifying learning environment characteristics and needs. These needs are mainly related to the equipments and furniture needs at the learning centers. These roles had been carried out as described earlier as well. ADEC and FDF also specified manpower plan and provided human recourses for the program. These include program managers and teachers (qualified and well trained from both sexes), class cleaners and so on. Moreover, ADEC worked on the provision of the program instructional design and development. This role involves specification of the program goals and objectives, analysis of task components of the program goals and purposes, identification of learners characteristics that will influence instructional design, drawing up of program curriculum and subjects contents, alignment of subjects contents within each instructional unit for logical learning, design of instructional strategies (putting in mind the needs of learners), selection of resources to achieve the instructional objectives, and the development of evaluation instruments to measure the achievement of objectives. WRDC carried out the program awareness campaigns. The WRDC designed the promotional materials, displayed posters, signs and similar campaign materials talking about the adult learning program at designated areas, arranged and coordinated public lectures with illiterate adults (the target audience), and produced articles for newsletter campaigns. FDF handles the execution and management of the program. That is, the foundation was saddled with the responsibility of running the program. This includes registration and admission into classes, appointment of teachers, delivery and management of lectures and so on. The main subjects taught are basic reading and writing, the Holy Quran and mathematics. The Roles of the Partners in Program Evaluation and Monitoring. ADEC conducted formative written and verbal tests for the participants in each stream of lectures and WRDC conducted learners’ satisfaction survey asking them to rate the adult learning program schedule, learning materials, the classes and the quality of learning facilities. Then, the three parties met again to review the program and seek for ways of modifying it to be more result achieving. The results of tests and surveys were useful in informing on the necessary modifications. The modes and strategies for implementing the recommended changes were further discussed. Thus, this set the stage for the implementation of the refined program. Furthermore, semi-annual meetings were arranged to discuss further periodic reviews of the program. The results of the fieldwork and the progress made in the course of implementation and evaluation shall be discussion in the next chapter.